Exploratory studies of inhibitory conditioning in honeybees (Apis mellifera).

The best available evidence of inhibitory conditioning in vertebrates comes from experiments in which variants of A+/AB- and A+/B- training were compared in terms of response to B in summation and retardation tests, the results suggesting that inhibition is generated by nonreinforcement as an increasing function of the excitatory value of the setting. We report here 7 experiments with foraging honeybees (Apis mellifera) that failed to show a difference in the effects of the 2 treatments. On the basis of previous experiments as well as supplementary experiments whose results give no reason to doubt the sensitivity of the training techniques and measures used, our consistently negative results may mean either that inhibition in honeybees is generated by nonreinforcement independently of the setting or that there is no inhibitory conditioning at all in honeybees--that the only associative function of nonreinforcement is to reduce excitatory strength.